Uttarakhand

 Uttarakhand is the twenty-seventh state of India.  This state, which is adorned with the Himalayan region, has been given the name of Kurmachal and Uttarakhand in the Indian Puranas.  This state offers a wonderful view of its physical, cultural, and spiritual specialties.  Since ancient times, many sages have established their spiritual centers in this region, hence it is also called 'Dev Bhoomi'.  The description of this area is found in religious texts from place to place.  This state has been a center of special attraction for geologists, zoologists, botanists, tourists, etc.

 

 position and extent

 

 Uttarakhand is spread over an area of ​​about 53483 square kilometers between 28°43' to 31°27' north latitudes and 77°34' to 81°02' east longitudes.  Under this, Kumaon and  Garhwal divisions and Haridwar districts are included. Kumaon division has six districts- Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh, Baneshwar, Champawat, and Udham Singh Nagar. Garhwal division includes seven districts-Dehradun, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Rudraprayag, Chamoli, and Haridwar.  Nepal in the east, Tibet in the north, and Ganga-Yamuna plain in the south.  The eastern border of Uttarakhand is formed by the Kali river, the western border by the Tons river, and the northern border by the International Boundary Line River located in the Maha Himalaya range.  Uttarakhand has always been famous for beautiful natural scenery, lush green mountains, river valleys, valuable herbs.

 

 

General information for different districts of Uttarakhand is as follows

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S.No.	District	the headquarters	Geographical Area (in square kilometer)
1	Almora	Almora	3074
2	Bageshwar	Bageshwar	2311
3	Champawat	Champawat	1638
4	Chamoli	Gopeshwar)	7626
5	Dehradun	Dehradun	3088
6	Haridwar	Haridwar	1994
7	Nainital	Nainital	4767
8	Pauri Garhwal	Pauri	5397
9	Pithoragarh	Pithoragarh	7218
10	Rudraprayag	Rudraprayag	2252
11	Tehri Garhwal	Tehri Garhwal	3796
12	Udham  Singh Nagar	Udham  Singh Nagar	2027
13	Uttarkashi	Uttarkashi	8016

 

 

 natural regions of uttarakhand

From the point of view of geo-ecology, Uttarakhand is a difficult state, from the plains part to the mountainous part, touches the height of 200-7000 meters, some parts are higher than this. Due to the difference in the size and height of the surface and the amount of rainfall, it is natural to have variations in the regional human activities of Uttarakhand. On this basis, this state can be divided into 4 sub-regions. the details are as follows

 

1. Main Himalayan Region

 

Most of the region remains glacial. The average height of this belt of 150 km is 4000 to 6000 meters some of the highest tops are following

tops	Hight in meters
Nanda Devi	7817
Kamet	7756
Naana parwat	7434
Trishul	7273
chokhamba	7138
Satopanth	7075
dunageri	7066
Kedarnath	6940
Panchachuli	6905
Nandkot	6861
Bhagirathi parwat	6843
Gangotri	6672
banderpunch	6315
Narayan parwat	5965
Narr parwat	5831

 

Mikham, Kedarnath, Gangotri, hiem, Kosa, etc. in this region provide clear evidence of glaciation during the Pleistocene era.  The Gangotri and Yamunotri glaciers of this region are the origin of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.  The entire region is very rocky and eroded, which is formed by folded chains with many fan-shaped tributaries.  This region is mostly covered by granite, nais, and schist rocks, this region is the coldest from the point of view of climate.  High peaks are always covered with snow.

 Variation in temperature is found at different altitudes, yet in general, the winter temperature is less than the boiling point in the parts above 3330 m, but the summer season is cool and pleasant.  Due to favorable weather in summers, people migrate from southern parts mainly in the months of April, May, and June.  In the months of May and June, people from low-lying areas populate the summer settlements of the state with essential materials.  In the months of July and August, the  Bhotia visit the high valleys.  This month is also favorable from the point of view of agriculture in the high valleys.  The Bhotias come to the hilly high valleys (4000 meters high) in the month of April-May and start agricultural work.